We use conditionals to express the consequences of a fact or a situation that might happen or might have happened but didn't.
In this lesson you will learn how to use the main types of conditional sentences: the zero conditional, the first conditional, the second conditional, and the third conditional.
Table of contents of this lesson: Conditionals
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We use the zero conditional to talk about facts or situations which are always true.
Here's the structure:
| Condition | Result |
IF | YOU FREEZE WATER | IT BECOMES ICE |
IF | PRESENT SIMPLE | PRESENT SIMPLE |
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We use the first conditional to talk about fact that are likely to happen in the future.
Here's the structure:
| Condition | Result |
IF | YOU TAKE THE FIRST BUS | YOU WILL GET THERE ON TIME |
IF | PRESENT SIMPLE | FUTURE SIMPLE |
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We use the second conditional to imagine facts or situations that are impossible or unlikely to happen in reality.
Here's the structure:
| Condition | Result |
IF | YOU STUDIED | YOU WOULD PASS YOUR EXAMS |
IF | PAST SIMPLE | WOULD + INFINITIVE |
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We use the third conditional to talk about the unrealistic results of a situation happened in the past.
Here's the structure:
| Condition | Result |
IF | SHE HAD STUDIED MORE | SHE WOULD HAVE PASSED THE TEST |
IF | PAST PERFECT | WOULD/WOULDN'T HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE |
Download the worksheet below and practise!